Establishment of atmospheric weighted mean temperature model in the polar regions

Due to the special geographical location and extreme climate environment, the polar regions (Antarctic and Arctic) have an important impact on global climate change. Atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a crucial parameter in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal propagation. In this paper, the correlation between weighted mean temperature and surface temperature (Ts) is studied firstly. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between Tm and Ts are 0.93 in the Antarctic and 0.94 in the Arctic. The linear regression Tm model and quadratic function Tm model of the Antarctic and the Arctic are established respectively using the radiosonde profiles of 12 stations in the Antarctic and 58 stations in the Arctic from 2008 to 2015. The accuracies of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model which is a state-of-the-art global Tm model are verified using the radiosonde profiles from 2016 to 2018 in the Antarctic and Arctic. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model in the Antarctic are 3.07 K, 2.87 K and 4.32 K respectively, and those in the Arctic are 3.53 K, 3.38 K and 4.82 K, which indicates that the quadratic function Tm model has a higher accuracy compared to linear regression Tm model, and the accuracies of the two regional Tm models are better than that of GPT2w Tm model in the polar regions. In order to better evaluate the accuracy of Tm in the PWV retrieval, the PWV values of radiosondes are used for comparisons as the reference value. The RMS errors of PWV derived from the two Tm models are similar for 1.28 mm in the Antarctic and 1 mm in the Arctic respectively. In addition, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of Tm are analyzed in the polar regions by spectral analysis of Tm data using fast Fourier transform. The results show that the Tm has obvious seasonality and annual periodicity in the polar regions, and the maximum difference between warm season and cold season is about 63 K. After comparing and analyzing the influences of latitude, longitude and elevation on the Tm in the polar regions, it is found that latitude and elevation have a greater influence on the Tm than the longitude. As the latitude and elevation increase, the Tm decreases, and vice versa in the polar regions.     

机载燃油惰化技术及标准研究

针对目前广泛应用于飞机燃油箱起火和爆炸防护的机载燃油惰化系统,详述了国外机载燃油惰化技术的发展历程,并介绍了国内发展现状,提出影响机载燃油惰化系统设计的关键因素。在此基础上,简述了国内外标准情况,提出了制定我国机载燃油惰化系统标准的建议。     

抗辐照通用扩展SiP芯片设计

研究微小卫星综合电子系统的SiP技术实现方法。首先介绍微小卫星综合电子系统结构的组成和采用SiP技术的必要性，然后对综合电子系统进行功能模块划分，并对其通用扩展模块进行详细的SiP设计，包括抗辐照器件选型、原型验证、SiP原理图、基板管壳一体化设计、建模仿真、制造加工、实装测试验证等，通过SiP技术实现了一种星载综合电子系统中通用扩展SiP芯片产品，经过实际验证测试，在保证模块功能和性能的前提下，整体模块重量从230 g减轻到48 g，体积由180 mm?130 mm?17 mm减小到46 mm?46 mm?8 mm，很好地满足了星载功能模块小型化、轻量化设计需求。     

RLV双环滑模RCS/气动舵复合控制器设计

针对可重复使用运载器(RLV)再入飞行强非线性、快时变特性和多种控制模式给姿态控制器设计带来的困难和挑战,提出了一种双环滑模反作用控制系统(RCS)/气动舵复合控制器设计方案。首先建立了RLV再入飞行的数学模型,基于时标分离原理,设计了快、慢双环回路控制系统,并采用滑模控制律(SMCL)获得控制力矩指令;所设计的RCS/气动舵复合控制器,由控制分配将控制力矩指令分别映射成RCS推力器执行的开关指令和气动舵面偏转指令,采用链式递增融合协调气动舵与RCS的复合控制。仿真结果表明,双环滑模RCS/气动舵复合控制器能较好地完成姿态跟踪控制,有效地节省RCS燃料,实现了气动舵面与RCS的协调控制。控制方案也能用于再入飞行器或空天飞机的控制系统设计。     

基于新陈代谢GM（1,1）模型的导弹遥测故障预测算法

在人工监视遥测关键参数是否超出阈值范围以判断导弹故障的传统模式基础上,对GM（1,1）预测模型进行了改进,研究了基于新陈代谢的GM（1,1）预测算法对遥测参数实时预测效果.该算法能不断去掉最老的信息,充分利用最新的信息,避免了预测模型老化的现象;由于用于预测的数列维度较少,便于计算,能够保证算法的实时性.用MATLAB编程实现算法,比对实测数据的预测值与实际值,并进行误差分析.结果表明,该算法对遥测参数的预测精度较高,可为及时发现导弹故障提供科学的依据.     

基于特征的数控编程技术在航空企业的推广应用

针对国内航空企业飞机结构件数控编程中存在的重复工作量大、效率低、质量不稳定、规范性差等问题,通过面向多主机厂推广基于特征的数控编程技术,切实提高飞机结构件数控编程的效率与质量.首先概述了基于特征的快速程编(FBM NUAA)系统的整体架构,并且介绍了基于特征的数控编程技术在多家主机厂中的推广与应用情况,以及前期推广中遇到的问题,并提出了解决方案.根据多主机厂多机型过百项飞机结构件的实际应用结果表明采用基于特征的快速程编系统进行数控编程,刀轨平均自动生成率超过90％,编程时间较传统编程方式平均缩短70％以上.     

酸性磺酞类染料共振Rayleigh散射光谱法测定奈替米星

用共振Rayleigh散射（RRS）光谱研究了酸性磺酞类染料溴甲酚绿和溴酚蓝分别与奈替米星的相互作用.溴甲酚绿和溴酚蓝在酸性介质中分别与奈替米星相互作用,导致RRS光谱显著增强,最大的RRS峰分别位于606nm和572nm处,散射强度与奈替米星的质量浓度在一定的范围内成正比.此方法具有很高的灵敏度,对于奈替米星的检测限（3σ）分别为30ng/mL和10ng/mL,据此发展了一种测定奈替米星的新方法.     

FPGA设计中的亚稳态问题及其预防方法研究

由于在复杂FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列）设计中存在跨时钟域,通常会产生亚稳态现象.为有效地预防和解决该问题,分析FPGA设计中亚稳态的产生机理及其对数字信号处理系统的影响.根据不同的信号同步类型,针对单比特电平信号、脉冲信号和边沿信号,分别给出基于触发器级联的跨时钟域信号同步方法;针对并行信号,提出基于异步FIFO （First In First Out,先进先出队列）和握手协议的跨时钟域同步方法;并通过仿真手段分析信号同步方法的有效性及其适用范围.结果表明：这些方法能够正确有效地完成跨时钟域信号同步,预防可能出现的亚稳态问题,从而提高复杂FPGA设计的可靠性和稳定性.     

微量气味成分的自由基簇射技术脱除

研究了密闭体系中微量气味污染物的脱除作用与机理。采用电晕放电自由基簇射技术，实现了人工环境下氧化性自由基的产生；以电子自旋共振技术（ESR）对气态羟基自由基实施了捕集和检测，验证了在羟基自由基的存在下NH3被氧化为N2。通过U—I获得反应能耗和污染物去除效率为：NH3脱除效率为90．6％时，能耗1．0W。研究表明：自由基簇射技术产生的氧化性自由基可有效去除密闭生存环境中产生的NH3等微量有害气味成分，将在空间站等密闭生存系统内空气净化中有很好的应用前景。     

Science operations planning expertise: A neglected component of mission design

In this paper, Science Operations Planning Expertise (SOPE) is defined as the expertise that is held by people who have the two following qualities. First they have both theoretical and practical experience in operations planning, in general, and in space science operations planning in particular. Second, they can be used, on request and at least, to provide with advice the teams that design and implement science operations systems in order to optimise the performance and productivity of the mission. However, the relevance and use of such SOPE early on during the Mission Design Phase (MDP) is not sufficiently recognised. As a result, science operations planning is often neglected or poorly assessed during the mission definition phases. This can result in mission architectures that are not optimum in terms of cost and scientific returns, particularly for missions that require a significant amount of science operations planning. Consequently, science operations planning difficulties and cost underestimations are often realised only when it is too late to design and implement the most appropriate solutions. In addition, higher costs can potentially reduce both the number of new missions and the chances of existing ones to be extended. Moreover, the quality, and subsequently efficiency, of SOPE can vary greatly. This is why we also believe that the best possible type of SOPE requires a structure similar to the ones of existing bodies of expertise dedicated to the data processing such as the International Planetary Data Alliance (IPDA), the Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE) or the Planetary Data System (PDS). Indeed, this is the only way of efficiently identifying science operations planning issues and their solutions as well as of keeping track of them in order to apply them to new missions. Therefore, this paper advocates for the need to allocate resources in order to both optimise the use of SOPE early on during the MDP and to perform, at least, a feasibility study of such a more structured SOPE.